Transthoracic echocardiography using second harmonic imaging

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Transthoracic echocardiography using second harmonic imaging with Valsalva manoeuvre for the detection of right to left shunts.

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AIMS Transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) with contrast administration is still considered as the reference method for the detection of patent foramen ovale (PFO) with interatrial shunt, but it is a semi-invasive exam. The aim of the present study is to evaluate a role of two- and three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (TTE and R3DTE) as a diagnostic alternative to transcranial Dop...

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Second harmonic transthoracic echocardiography: the new reference screening method for the detection of patent foramen ovale.

AIM Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is still considered as the reference method for the non-invasive detection of right-to-left shunts. Echocardiographic laboratories are spending most of their time performing TEE studies to exclude a thromboembolic cardiac disease. In a considerable proportion of these patients the question can be simplified to exclude a PFO. Replacing these TEE studies...

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Journal of the American College of Cardiology

سال: 1999

ISSN: 0735-1097

DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00412-x